Where body fat is carried can predict cancer risk

Image credit: Sharon McCutcheon (pexels.com)

It shows that adding about 11cm to the waistline increased the risk of obesity related cancers (Note 1) by 13 per cent. For bowel cancer, adding around 8 cm to the hips is linked to an increased risk of 15 per cent. Carrying excess body fat can change the levels of sex hormones, such as oestrogen and testosterone, can cause levels of insulin to rise, and lead to inflammation, all of which are factors that have been associated with increased cancer risk.

This is the first study comparing adult body measurements in such a standardised way for obesity-related cancers. Using a novel approach, scientists at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO) showed that three different measurements of body size, BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio all predicted similar obesity-related cancer risk in older adults. The study combined data from around 43,000 participants who had been followed for an average of 12 years and more than 1,600 people were diagnosed with an obesity-related cancer.

Dr Heinz Freisling, lead study author and scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), said: “Our findings show that both BMI and where body fat is carried on the body can be good indicators of obesity-related cancer risk. Specifically, fat carried around the waist may be important for certain cancers, but requires further investigation. To better reflect the underlying biology at play, we think it’s important to study more than just BMI when looking at cancer risk. And our research adds further understanding to how people’s body shape could increase their risk.”

Being overweight or obese is the single biggest preventable cause of cancer after smoking and is linked to 13 types of cancer including bowel, breast, and pancreatic (Note 2).

Dr Julie Sharp, Cancer Research UK’s head of health information, said: “This study further highlights that however you measure it being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing certain cancers, including breast and bowel. It’s important that people are informed about ways to reduce their risk of cancer. And while there are no guarantees against the disease, keeping a healthy weight can help you stack the odds in your favour and has lots of other benefits too. Making small changes in eating, drinking and keeping physically active that you can stick with in the long term can help you get to a healthy weight – and stay there.”

Notes

1. This included people diagnosed with: postmenopausal female breast, colorectal, lower oesophagus, upper stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreatic, womb, ovary, and kidney.
2. Colon cancer, oesophageal cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer [2], stomach cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, meningioma, thyroid cancer, multiple myeloma [3]. See also Excess weight linked to 8 more cancer types (article from 24 August 2016).

Reference

1. Freisling H, Arnold M, Soerjomataram I et al. Comparison of general obesity and measures of body fat distribution in older adults in relation to cancer risk: meta-analysis of individual participant data of seven prospective cohorts in Europe. British Journal of Cancer 2017. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.106
2. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC handbooks of cancer prevention: weight control and physical activity. Vol. 6. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2002. Dostupné z WWW: http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/prev/handbook6/
3. Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D et al. Body fatness and cancer — viewpoint of the IARC working group. The New England Journal of Medicine 2016; 375: 794-798. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1606602

klíčová slova: body fat, waistline, waist circumference, hip circumference, cancer risk, overweight, obesity